VIN REPORT

YSMFD3KAXRL2346192024 POLESTAR Polestar 2

28of 100
Moderate Risk
Buyer Risk Score
Recalls
5
5 campaigns found
Safety Grade
F
57/100 composite
Complaints
19
NHTSA filed
Vehicle Age
2 yrs
Made in CHINA
BUYPurchase Verdict

2024 POLESTAR Polestar 2 was analyzed across NHTSA recalls, owner complaints, crash test data, and public auction records. There are 5 open recalls on record — these are safety-critical and should be addressed immediatel...

Verdict & Risk Assessment
📄

Executive Summary

2024 POLESTAR Polestar 2

2024 POLESTAR Polestar 2 was analyzed across NHTSA recalls, owner complaints, crash test data, and public auction records. There are 5 open recalls on record — these are safety-critical and should be addressed immediately. 19 owner complaints include 2 reported injuries, indicating real-world safety incidents beyond normal wear.

  • 5 open recalls including safety-critical systems (Airbag system recall; Brake system recall)
  • 2 injuries reported across 19 owner complaints
  • Complaint rate is accelerating — issues appear to be getting worse, not better
  • Component failure cascade detected — a known defect pattern that typically leads to more severe downstream damage
  • Vehicle may qualify for lemon law protection based on recall and complaint pattern — consult an attorney
28
of 100
Moderate Risk
3 moderate risk signals detected. Negotiate accordingly and verify service history.
LOWMODERATEHIGHCRITICAL
3 Contributing Risk Factors
5 model-wide recalls on record
+12
Vehicle may qualify as a lemon — repeat repair failures
+10
Accelerating complaint trend — problems increasing over time
+6
Critical Alerts

Title Brand Check

Mined from auction damage fields and listing titles — not a DMV title history pull

No auction records available. Title brand status could not be verified — request title history from seller or state DMV.

Vehicle

Vehicle Specifications

Decoded from NHTSA vPIC database

Make
POLESTAR
Model
Polestar 2
Year
2024
Body Style
Sedan/Saloon
Vehicle Type
PASSENGER CAR
Drive Type
AWD/All-Wheel Drive
Fuel Type
Electric
Engine
421.00 hp
Transmission
Automatic
Doors
4
Manufacturer
POLESTAR PERFORMANCE AB
Assembly
LUQIAO, CHINA
GVWR
Class 1D: 5,001 - 6,000 lb (2,268 - 2,722 kg)
Electrification
BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
Battery
78.00 kWh

Assembly Plant Quality

Plant: LUQIAO, CHINA

CQuality55/100
Standard📍 LUQIAO, CHINA

No specific quality data available for this plant. No documented recall or complaint concentrations on record.

Safety

Safety Intelligence

Composite analysis from NHTSA recall, complaint, and crash data

F
Score: 57/100
Crash Test Rating20/40
Recall Safety12/30
Complaint History25/30
60/100High
  • Airbag system recall
  • Brake system recall
67/100
Advanced
14 of 20 safety features detected
Missing: Pedestrian AEB
None
  • Electric/hybrid vehicle — monitor for battery thermal events
Elevated
  • 19 complaints on a 2-year-old vehicle — unusually high
  • Safety system appears in both official recalls and owner complaints

Lemon law eligibility depends on state law, number of repair attempts, and days out of service. Consult an attorney for actual eligibility.

The same components appear in both official NHTSA recalls and owner-filed complaints — a double-confirmed failure signal.

Electrical
1 recall2 complaints
Brakes
1 recall1 complaint

Driver Assistance Features

ADAS equipment data from NHTSA vPIC database

Forward Collision WarningStandard
Automatic Emergency BrakingStandard
Pedestrian AEB?Unknown
Rear AEB?Unknown
Lane Departure WarningStandard
Lane Keep AssistStandard
Lane Centering Assist?Unknown
Blind Spot MonitoringStandard
Rear Cross Traffic AlertStandard
Adaptive Cruise Control?Unknown
Adaptive HeadlightsStandard
Auto High BeamStandard
Parking AssistStandard
Backup CameraStandard
Electronic Stability ControlStandard
Tire Pressure Monitoring?Indirect
Event Data Recorder?Unknown
Crash Notification?Unknown
Dynamic Brake SupportStandard
Keyless IgnitionStandard
Recalls5

NHTSA Safety Recalls

5 RECALLS
5found

NHTSA VIN-specific recall lookup returned no data for this VIN. The 5 recalls below are model-wide and may or may not apply to this exact vehicle depending on production date. Verify at nhtsa.gov/recalls.

Estimated Repair Completion (Statistical)

3 of 5 recalls have a low industry completion rate — statistically likely unrepaired.

52%
avg repaired

Statistical model based on recall age, component type, and manufacturer. Not a repair confirmation. Demand dealer service records.

POLESTAR Recall Completion Rate — Industry Context
85%Fair

Recall completion rate data not available for POLESTAR. Industry average is ~85%. Verify any open recalls with a dealer before purchase.

Avg time to remedy open recall: ~20 months · Source: NHTSA Recall Completion Rate Reports

Avg Fix Time
20mo
#24V477000
Invalid Date

EQUIPMENT:ELECTRICAL:INFOTAINMENT:SOFTWARE

SummaryPolestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Polestar 2 vehicles. The Infotainment Head Unit (IHU) software may prevent the rearview camera image from displaying. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."
Read full details...
ConsequenceA rearview camera image that does not display decreases the driver's visibility, increasing the risk of a crash.
Est. Repair Completion~65%

~35% chance this recall was never fixed

Moderate Risk

Source: NHTSA statistical model by recall age & component type

#24V939000
Invalid Date

AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:DRIVER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE

SummaryPolestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2024 Polestar 2 electric vehicles. The clamps may be improperly crimped on the driver's side inner far side air bag module (FSAB), which can cause the air bag to deploy improperly.
Read full details...
ConsequenceAn air bag that deploys improperly may not protect the driver as intended during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.
Est. Repair Completion~64%

~36% chance this recall was never fixed

Moderate Risk

Source: NHTSA statistical model by recall age & component type

#25V280000
Invalid Date

BACK OVER PREVENTION:SOFTWARE

SummaryPolestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2021-2025 Polestar 2 vehicles. The rearview camera image may not display when the vehicle is placed in reverse. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."
Read full details...
ConsequenceA rearview camera image that does not display reduces the driver's view of what is behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.
Est. Repair Completion~50%

~50% of these vehicles are statistically unrepaired

High Risk

Source: NHTSA statistical model by recall age & component type

#25V409000
Feb 2025

SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:POWER ASSIST:ELECTRIC:CONTROL MODULE:SOFTWARE

SummaryPolestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2021 and 2024 Polestar 2 vehicles. In certain driving scenarios while coasting down a hill and using "One Pedal Drive," the vehicle may lose brake function.
Read full details...
ConsequenceA loss of brake function increases the risk of a crash.
Est. Repair Completion~52%

~48% of these vehicles are statistically unrepaired

High Risk

Source: NHTSA statistical model by recall age & component type

#25V615000
Invalid Date

BACK OVER PREVENTION:SOFTWARE

SummaryPolestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2021-2025 Polestar 2 vehicles. The rearview camera image may not display when the vehicle is placed in reverse.
Read full details...
ConsequenceA rearview camera image that does not display reduces the driver's view of what is behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.
Est. Repair Completion~27%

~73% of these vehicles are statistically unrepaired

High Risk

Source: NHTSA statistical model by recall age & component type

Recall Intelligence

Detailed analysis of recall history and severity

SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:POWER ASSIST:ELECTRIC:CONTROL MODULE:SOFTWARE
1.3yr open
Available
Over-the-air software fix available
02/07/2025
5 total campaigns
ElectricalSafety SystemsBrakes
1
Part Replacements
4
Software/OTA Updates
0
Buyback/Refund
0
High-Effort Repairs

Manufacturer Recall Response Time

Time between first owner complaint and recall issuance

1.2yr
Lag from first complaint to recall
First complaint: 2023-12-05 · Recall issued: 2025-02-07

14 months elapsed between first complaint and recall issuance — a significant delay in consumer protection.

1 in 9

2 injuries reported across 19 complaints — elevated injury rate for this class of vehicle.

May Qualify

This vehicle shows 4 lemon law indicators. Eligibility depends on state law, number of repair attempts, and days out of service — consult a lemon law attorney.

Strong protection states: California, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts
Complaints19

Complaint Intelligence

19 complaints analyzed across 6 system categories

Other
10
Visibility
4
Electrical
1 inj2
Suspension/Wheels
1
Engine/Powertrain
1 crash1
Brakes
1 inj1
2023
1
2024
2
2025
15
2026
1
500% trend in recent years (increasing complaints)
Accelerating +750%
17
Last 24 months
2
Prior 24 months

⚠ Complaint rate is accelerating — issue may be getting worse

PEAKS SUMMER (JUN–AUG)

64% of complaints filed in Jul & Mar — may indicate temperature-sensitive or weather-related failures.

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Engine stalling1
Conditions Reported
Parking/low-speed (11)Highway/high-speed (1)Startup (1)Rain/wet (1)

Owner Complaints

HIGH VOLUME

19 safety complaints filed with NHTSA

19found
1
Crash
2
Injuries
ODI #11728390TIRES

On 03/29/2026 at approximately 11:00 AM, I was driving my 2024 Polestar 2 southbound on [XXX] near [XXX] in the center lane at approximately 80 mph in heavy traffic. Without any prior warning — no vibration, no TPMS alert, no unusual noise, no warning lamps or messages of any kind — the left rear tire suffered a catastrophic tread/belt separation. The tire is a Continental original equipment tire, size 245/40R20, with ContiSilent acoustic foam lining and POL1 Polestar-specific markings. DOT number: [XXX] , manufactured week 17 of 2023 at Continental's [XXX] plant. The tire was factory-installed original equipment and had never been removed or remounted. The entire center tread band delaminated from the tire carcass in a single explosive event. I heard a loud bang and immediately lost control of the vehicle. The rear end spun out and the vehicle crossed two lanes of heavy high-speed highway traffic before coming to rest on the shoulder. CHP responded to the scene and filed a report. I was not struck by any other vehicle. No injuries. No vehicle body damage. However the failure created an extreme risk of death or serious injury to myself and to other motorists in adjacent lanes at highway speed. The failed tire is preserved at the authorized Polestar dealership and is available for inspection upon request. Photographic documentation exists showing textbook belt edge separation: the shoulder tread remains attached on both sides while the entire center section has cleanly separated from the carcass, exposing the inner liner and ContiSilent polyurethane foam layer. The rim is undamaged. The left front tire is from the same production run [XXX] , manufactured one week earlier at the same Hannover plant), making it a sister tire that may carry the same manufacturing defect. NOTE REGARDING CONTSILENT ACOUSTIC MASKING: The ContiSilent polyurethane foam bonded to the inner liner of this tire is designed to absorb INFORMATION REDACTED PURSUANT TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552(B)(6)

ODI #11706491VISIBILITY

On a high humidity evening all of the windows fogged up but the climate system was completely unavailable to use. All of the buttons were “greyed out” and I could not operate the front or rear defroster. As a result, I had zero visibility a few moments after I started driving. I immediately had to pull over and look up how to reset the computer system that controls most of the car’s functions, which took several minutes to figure out. There should never be a situation where you cannot turn on the defroster because of a software glitch.

ODI #11677465VISIBILITY/WIPER

Intermittent issue where the rear view backup camera does not appear on screen. I receive a message of "camera temporarily unavailable." Even when shifting to another gear then back to Reverse, the camera will still not work and the same message will appear. I have the latest software update that was supposed to address this already-recalled issue (verison 3.6.4).

ODI #11674661BACK OVER PREVENTION

Rear view camera suddenly stopped working. The same problem happened 3 weeks back and Polestat sent a software update that is supposed to fix the issue. Read view camera worked for sometime, but again it is not working. In fact, no camera is working in this vehicle.

ODI #11673857BACK OVER PREVENTION,ELECTRICAL SYSTEM1 INJURY

The manafactuer distributed a software update to correct issues regarding reverse camera settings. This update has not corrected the issue in my polestar and, in fact, has caused many other disturbances forcing me to seek service at a the closest dealership. When reversing, it will activate the emergency stop function, which has caused much anxiety and stress because not only are the parking sensors nonfunctional, but the thought of the emergency breaks being activated without threat or my regard again is distressing and misleading.

ODI #11673673VISIBILITY

the mirrors on the car sometimes dont tilt back up when chnaging gears from reverse to drive , leading to limited visibility

ODI #11673178BACK OVER PREVENTION

360 degree view and backup camera stutters/not available after starting vehicle. Occurred after recall software update that was supposed to address this.

ODI #11672824BACK OVER PREVENTION

Backup camera starts flashing black while backing up and sometimes doesn't turn on while backing up

ODI #11672117BACK OVER PREVENTION

Back up camera repeatedly blanks out. Sometimes will not start. Sometimes stops working in the middle of when I'm backing up. Also Rear auto braking is too sensitive and will often slam the emergency brakes for no reason.

ODI #11671089BACK OVER PREVENTION

Backup and 360 camera fails intermittently

ODI #11670574POWER TRAIN,ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,BACK OVER PREVENTIONCRASH

I would go into reverse and the camera would appear but then disappear as I’m backing up. No more blinking or telling me I am about to crash. Even 3D camera doesn’t work. Drivetrain feels very strange since last OTA update. Making weird noises when driving. Battery sounds like it’s screaming. Something is really wrong.

ODI #11670642LANE DEPARTURE,BACK OVER PREVENTION

The rear camera does not always engage when the car is put into reverse. The car was just recalled for it, of which I just received a notice and the update (3.6.4), and it has not fixed the issue; it has only gotten worse.

ODI #11669946BACK OVER PREVENTION

Back up camera does not always work. Says "camera not available" even after the most recent software update.

ODI #11659531UNKNOWN OR OTHER

Backup camera will periodically go blank and not work. The camera will also sometimes switch to 360 camera mode unpredictably. Polestar does have a documented recall for this camera not functioning correctly. A fix for the issue doesn't seem like it's coming soon.

ODI #11647077BACK OVER PREVENTION

Backup camera regularly fails to respond in time when powering on the car. Sometimes takes numerous times to enter in and out of reverse. Sometimes the rear view backup camera reverts to overhead 360 camera view without intervention, making it difficult to see in the rear. Polestar has made updates to the software via OTA updates that have tried to address this by reducing memory use during car boot up, but it’s very clear that the head units in polestar 2s up until at least my model year MY24 are severely underpowered and unable to properly switch contexts in an appropriate amount of time. As a result of this the rear cross traffic alert is also frequently delayed and therefore essentially useless as a feature. And finally I’ve also had numerous false auto braking on slanted surfaces, jolting myself and other passengers in the vehicle unexpectedly.

ODI #11635408PARKING BRAKE1 INJURY

I believe that my 2024 polestar 2 suffered a critical failure with the parking brake/weight sensor interlock. While parked in my driveway, (on incline) I parked my vehicle, opened the door (which should also engage the parking brake) and exited my vehicle. The vehicle at this time appeared to be in park. I closed my vehicle door, walked away, and approximately 4 seconds later, my vehicle rolled in reverse to the bottom of my driveway. I acknowledge that there is snow on the ground as seen by my security camera. However upon additional review, it is clear that this was not a traction issue. The vehicle did not “slide” down my driveway. You can clearly see the front tires spinning when zoomed in. In addition to filling this report, I intend to contact the dealer which I leased the vehicle from and request an inspection to confirm any potential mechanical or software failure. I was injured while running after my vehicle when I slipped and fell as seen in my security camera footage. This form does not allow for video uploads. Please let me know how to send the footage.

ODI #11610183BACK OVER PREVENTION

The contact leased a 2024 Polestar Polestar 2. The contact stated that upon placing the vehicle in reverse(R) at night, the lighting for the back over prevention feature was inadequate. The contact stated that the dealer and the manufacturer were notified of the issue but offered no assistance. The vehicle was not repaired. The contact stated that while reversing, the vehicle was unsafe due to the limited visibility from the back over protection lighting. The failure mileage was approximately 1,000.

ODI #11569417ELECTRICAL SYSTEM,BACK OVER PREVENTION,FORWARD COLLISION AVOIDANCE

My electric system tied to the center console tablet stopped working. There was no active camera, lane assist warnings, music, maps/gps, etc. Nothing worked with no explanation. It felt very dangerous to drive without the electric safety system since this car has bad visibility. Volvo / Polestar denies that there is a problem and said they would fix it with "over the air" updates.

ODI #11558483VISIBILITY/WIPER

In the dark, when shifting into reverse, the backup camera is unreasonably dark and driver cannot see surroundings if there is no external lighting.

Component Failure Cascade Risk

Known patterns where one defect leads to more severe downstream failures

HighABS issue detected

Loss of brake assist and ABS in emergency — can significantly extend stopping distances

Complaint & Reliability Timeline

Annual complaints (blue) vs. composite reliability score (amber) — recall years marked in red

Annual complaints and reliability score for POLESTAR Polestar 2 — recall years marked in red
081505010020252023202420252026Complaints/yrReliability (0–100)
Annual complaints (left axis)
Reliability score 0–100 (right axis, higher = safer)
Crash-involved complaints that year
Recall issued
Chart Analysis

The blue line shows 19 total NHTSA complaints filed over 4 years, with the worst year being 2025 (15 complaints, including 1 crash report).

The amber reliability line is declining — recent years score around 52/100, lower than earlier in the vehicle's life. This pattern indicates issues are accumulating over time rather than being resolved, which is a concern for used buyers.

The recall (red dashed line) followed the first complaints by 2 years — a typical response window; neither unusually fast nor a pattern of denial.

Red dots on the amber line flag 2025, a year when complaints included crash events — these are the highest-severity incidents in the dataset.

Details & Analysis
Financial

5-Year Total Cost of Ownership

Estimated based on EPA fuel data, risk-adjusted maintenance, and depreciation

$32,844
~$547/mo over 5 yrs
$1.4/mi
cost per mile
Fuel
$10,000
Insurance (est.)
$7,500
Maintenance
$4,000
Repair Risk Buffer
$3,000
Depreciation
$8,344

Estimated 5-year cost of ownership: $32,844 (~$547/mo). Repair risk buffer is standard due to vehicle risk profile.

Negotiation Ammunition

Use these data-backed findings to negotiate the price down

5 open recalls (unverified repair status)−$2,500
Total recommended deduction−$2,500

Pre-Purchase Inspection Checklist

Tailored for the 2024 POLESTAR Polestar 2 — specific failure modes your mechanic must check, not a generic list

HIGH
Inspect for abs issue detected — ask for repair records
Loss of brake assist and ABS in emergency — can significantly extend stopping distances
HIGH
Verify recall EQUIPMENT:ELECTRICAL:INFOTAINMENT:SOFTWARE has been repaired
Recall on record for: Polestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2021-2024 Polestar 2 vehicles. The Infotainment Head Unit
HIGH
Verify recall AIR BAGS:FRONTAL:DRIVER SIDE:INFLATOR MODULE has been repaired
Recall on record for: Polestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2024 Polestar 2 electric vehicles. The clamps may be impr
HIGH
Verify recall BACK OVER PREVENTION:SOFTWARE has been repaired
Recall on record for: Polestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2021-2025 Polestar 2 vehicles. The rearview camera image
HIGH
Verify recall SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:POWER ASSIST:ELECTRIC:CONTROL MODULE:SOFTWARE has been repaired
Recall on record for: Polestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2021 and 2024 Polestar 2 vehicles. In certain driving scen
HIGH
Verify recall BACK OVER PREVENTION:SOFTWARE has been repaired
Recall on record for: Polestar Automotive USA, Inc. (Polestar) is recalling certain 2021-2025 Polestar 2 vehicles. The rearview camera image m
MEDIUM
Test drive and inspect: TIRES
Multiple owner complaints filed for this component — verify it functions correctly during test drive.
MEDIUM
Test drive and inspect: VISIBILITY
Multiple owner complaints filed for this component — verify it functions correctly during test drive.
MEDIUM
Test drive and inspect: VISIBILITY/WIPER
Multiple owner complaints filed for this component — verify it functions correctly during test drive.
MEDIUM
Get an independent pre-purchase inspection from a trusted mechanic
For any used vehicle with a risk score above Low, a $100–$150 independent inspection is always worth it.
MEDIUM
Run a VIN check on NHTSA.gov to confirm all recalls are closed
Free at nhtsa.gov/vehicle-safety/recalls — enter the VIN and confirm all campaigns show as completed.
MEDIUM
Verify title is clean and check for salvage/rebuilt brands at your state DMV
Title washing across state lines is common — confirm with your state DMV before finalizing purchase.

Recall Probability Forecast

Estimated likelihood of a new recall in the next 18 months based on NHTSA signals

30%
18-month
51%
2-year
Moderate Probability
Cumulative 2-year risk: 51%

30% estimated recall probability — some indicators present but not alarming.

  • Accelerating complaint rate — increasing pressure on NHTSA to act
  • Multiple prior recalls — pattern of safety issues on this model

Maintenance Schedule

OEM-specified service intervals for this vehicle

Maintenance intervals vary significantly by make, model, year, engine, and driving conditions. Always follow the manufacturer's official schedule — not generic industry estimates.

Tip: Request the seller's service records and compare against the manufacturer schedule. Missing intervals are a negotiation point.

History & Auctions

Auction History

Public sale records from Copart, IAAI, and auction aggregators

Searching Public Auction Records

Checking Copart, IAAI, BidFax, and other sources for YSMFD3KAXRL234619. Results appear automatically when found.

Insurance Cost Estimate

Estimated annual premiums based on vehicle profile, theft data, and NHTSA safety ratings

Full Coverage
$1,770–$2,250/yr
~$148–$188/mo
Liability Only
$560–$710/yr
~$47–$59/mo
Category: Standard Vehicle

Based on 2024 national avg ($2,011/yr full coverage). Individual rates vary by driver, location & insurer. Always compare 3+ quotes.

State-Specific Legal Protections

What consumer laws apply to this vehicle purchase in your state

Select your state to see what consumer protection laws, lemon law coverage, and title disclosure requirements apply to this vehicle purchase.

Complete Data Table

All decoded fields in a single flattened view

Vehicle Identity

VINYSMFD3KAXRL234619
Model Year2024
MakePOLESTAR
ModelPolestar 2
Vehicle TypePASSENGER CAR

Body & Configuration

Body StyleSedan/Saloon
Doors4
Seat Rows5
Drive TypeAWD/All-Wheel Drive
Fuel TypeElectric
TransmissionAutomatic

Engine

Horsepower421.00

Manufacturer

ManufacturerPOLESTAR PERFORMANCE AB
Assembly CityLUQIAO
Assembly CountryCHINA

VIN Structure

WMI (Chars 1–3)YSM
Check Digit (Char 9)X
Model Year Code (Char 10)R
Plant Code (Char 11)L
Sequence (Chars 12–17)234619

Safety Data

NHTSA Recall Count5
NHTSA Complaint Count19

VIN Structure Decode

ISO 3779 character-by-character breakdown of this Vehicle Identification Number

Y
1
S
2
M
3
F
4
D
5
3
6
K
7
A
8
X
9
R
10
L
11
2
12
3
13
4
14
6
15
1
16
9
17
WMI (1–3)
VDS (4–8)
Check Digit (9)
Model Year (10)
Serial (11–17)
Y
World Manufacturer
Country & region of manufacture
Position 1
S
Manufacturer
Specific manufacturer identifier
Position 2
M
Vehicle Type
Division or vehicle type
Position 3
FD3KA
Vehicle Descriptor Section (VDS)
Body style, engine type, restraint system
Position 4–8
X
Check Digit
Mathematical validation character
Position 9
R
Model Year
Year of manufacture
Position 10
L
Assembly Plant
Where the vehicle was assembled
Position 11
234619
Production Sequence
Unique serial number for this vehicle
Position 12–17
Country of Manufacture
Sweden
From VIN position 1 (Y)
Model Year Character
"R" → 2024
Could also be 1994
Check Digit (Pos 9)
✓ Valid
ISO 3779 weighted-sum algorithm
Research This Model

Disclaimer: Data sourced from NHTSA public APIs and scraped auction listings. For informational purposes only. Not a substitute for a paid vehicle history report. Retrieved: 6/12/2026, 5:13:36 PM.